What is Congenital Hydrocephalus?

 

A birth defect or brain malformation that results in an excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain cavities known as the subarachnoid space is the cause of congenital hydrocephalus. The brain and spinal cord are encased in a clear, colorless liquid called cerebrospinal fluid, which shields them from injury. It transports nutrition to the spinal cord and brain and removes waste. The amount of this fluid produced by the brain is absorbed by the body in a healthy person. When there is hydrocephalus, the fluid does not drain properly and builds up, putting pressure on the brain.

Diagnosis:

Prenatal Diagnosis

Congenital hydrocephalus can be identified in a fetus as early as the third or fourth month of pregnancy using advanced imaging techniques. The abnormal enlargement of brain cavities can be more easily seen by the fifth or sixth month. Before the birth of the child, tests are performed to diagnose the issue.
Amniocentesis or intrauterine fluid aspiration may be used to check for the occurrence of further birth abnormalities linked to hydrocephalus.
Ultrasound — Conducted by a radiologist or perinatologist, this examination will determine whether there is an abnormal fluid buildup but may not reveal the obstruction.

Symptoms:

• Downward deviation of the eyes, called "sunsetting"
• Irritability
• Seizures
• Sleepiness
• Very large head or a head that's growing very quickly in relation to the rest of the body
• Vomiting

Treatment for Congenital Hydrocephalus:

Even if congenital hydrocephalus is discovered while a baby is still in the womb, treatment typically begins after delivery. The problem is typically treated by either removing the obstruction or tumour that is causing it, or by placing a shunt. A shunt is a tiny, flexible plastic tube that moves extra cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) away from the brain and into a different area of the body where it can be reabsorbed.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is a different treatment that can be used to treat some children (ETV). In this treatment, a tiny hole is produced in the third ventricle of the brain's floor, allowing cerebrospinal fluid to pass around the blockage and move toward the location where it can be reabsorbed by the body.